ノアの箱舟を創ろう Let us Create the Super Ocean-Floating-Structures such as the Noah's ark.

ノアの箱舟を創ろう Let us Create the Super Ocean - Floating - Structures such as the Noah's ark.

Sunday, October 28, 2012

Aquamarine Power To Connect Wave Energy Generator To UK National Grid

http://inhabitat.com/aquamarine-power-to-connect-wave-energy-generator-to-uk-national-grid/

Energy

Aquamarine Power To Connect Wave Energy Generator To UK National Grid

by Hazel Saunderson, 02/15/12

filed under: green technology, News, Renewable Energy

Aquamarine Power, Wave Energy, renewable energy, Scotland, 2012, Oyster 800, Orkney, Energy Minister


Scotland may be a small country, but its stake in the future renewable energy is about to get serious as Aquamarine Power’s Oyster 800 Wave energy device will soon be installed and connected to the UK grid. We covered the launch of this innovative “near shore” Oyster 800 device last year, and earlier this week Scotland’s Energy Minister Fergus Ewing granted full consent to developments of the 2.4MW wave energy demonstration project. This consent means two further Oyster 800 wave energy devices will be installed at the same site at the European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) in Orkney, and this will create the UK’s first grid-connected near shore wave power array with a total of three 800kW Oyster devices.

Aquamarine Power, Wave Energy, Oyster Device, Scotland, 2012, Energy Minister


Consents play a vital part in the development of such projects, and this consent should pave the way for Aquamarine Power to continue to work with Marine Scotland and gain all the necessary consents for their other sites — a 200MW commercial wave energy site in Orkney, and a 40MW site on Lewis.

Scotland’s Energy Minster Fergus Ewing said of the project:
“Scotland has unparalleled natural resources, with a tenth of Europe’s wave power, and these new devices will help us to fully harness the huge energy resources around our own coast and contribute to global efforts to expand clean, green electricity generation… it is innovation and creativity such as that behind the Oyster device which will help us meet our ambitious renewable electricity targets and help us reindustrialize Scotland.”

Aquamarine Power stated:
“Our application has been granted subject to the implementation of a suitable environmental monitoring and mitigation plan to ensure suitable measures are taken to protect the environment. We look forward to working with the local community in Orkney on the responsible development of our first Oyster array.

“This is a great milestone for our company and for the wave energy industry as a whole. This marks an important step in the development of Oyster which one day will be delivering power to hundreds of thousands of homes.”

We look forward to seeing what the new technology will mean for the UK, and in the long run, what it could mean for other nations.

+ Aquamarine Power

+ Marine Scotland

+ European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC)

Images ©Aquamarine Power

© Inhabitat.com 2012

===================================================================

http://inhabitat.com/aquamarine-power-unveils-oyster-800-wave-energy-generator-exclusive-photos/

Aquamarine Power Unveils Oyster 800 Wave Energy Generator - Exclusive Photos!

by Hazel Saunderson, 07/17/11


 
This morning Scottish First Minister Alex Salmond heralded a landmark achievement in renewable energy technology as he unveiled Aquamarine Power's new Oyster 800 wave energy generator at the Burntisland Fabrications yard - and Inhabitat was on the scene to bring you an exclusive first look! This impressive device can generate 250% more power at one third the cost of the first full-scale 315kw Oyster that was installed in Orkney in 2009. Martin McAdam, Chief Executive Officer of Aquamarine Power commented: "A farm of just 20 Oyster 800 devices would generate sufficient power for up to 15,000 homes. There are often waves when there is no wind and marine energy offers an essential part of Scotland's future low carbon energy mix." Read on to learn more and check out our exclusive photos!

Read more:

http://inhabitat.com/aquamarine-power-unveils-oyster-800-wave-energy-generator-exclusive-photos/oyster-800-wave-energy-generator-3/?extend=1

Scotland is renowned for its magnificent coastlines and delicious seafood - however, the latest denizen of the deep captured our attention for an entirely different reason - its ability to capture wave energy. The Oyster 800 operates in the same way as Oyster 1, but Aquamarine Power has used data and lessons learned from the first Oyster to significantly improve its power output, simplify installation and allow for easier maintenance.



© Inhabitat.com 2012

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参考リンク

youtube 検索 : Marine Energy Conference in Inverness



£18 million marine energy fund

scottishgovernmentさんが 2012/05/23 に公開

A multi-million pound fund to help develop Scotland's first commercial wave and tidal power arrays was opened today. Addressing the AllEnergy conference in Aberdeen, First Minister Alex Salmond announced that Scotland's Marine Renewables Commercialisation Fund (MRCF) was now open for bids by marine energy developers. He also announced the first award from the £70 million National Renewables Infrastructure Fund (N-RIF) -- a £500,000 grant to support the transformation of a strategic dock, ten miles from Glasgow city centre to create a key manufacturing location for renewable energy.

http://www.youtube.com/user/scottishgovernment

The Scottish Government について

The Scottish Government is responsible for most of the issues of day-to-day concern to the people of Scotland, including health, education, justice, rural affairs, and transport.

======================================

参考リンク Alex Salmond to promote Scotland in California

http://throughmyspecs.co.uk/2012/06/04/alex-salmond-to-promote-scotland-in-california/



Posted by Steven Stewart on Monday, June 4, 2012 ·

First Minister Alex Salmond is to visit California this month in an effort to build on economic links and encourage inward investment in Scotland.

Mr Salmond will undertake a series of engagements in Los Angeles, Sacramento and San Francisco which will focus on innovation, tourism and jobs.

During the four-day trip, he will meet US politicians and business leaders.

Mr Salmond will also attend the world premiere of the animated film Brave, which has a mythical Scottish setting.

The Scottish government estimates that the Disney/Pixar film, which is due to open at the Los Angeles Film Festival, could boost the Scottish economy by £140m.

The premiere will bring together Disney/Pixar and tourism agency VisitScotland, who are collaborating on a global marketing campaign to showcase Scotland across the world.

Inward investment

The first minister will then travel to Sacramento, where he will outline to US politicians the importance to the Scottish economy of sustained investment by global California-based corporations.

Mr Salmond will also promote Scotland’s record in attracting investment from US and major global companies in a speech to the Commonwealth Club of California in San Francisco.

Business visits will include a trip to Stanford University to see the work of the SU2P, a venture between Stanford and Strathclyde, Heriot-Watt, St Andrews and Glasgow universities which is designed to capitalise on leading research in the photonics sector.

The first minister said: “Scottish companies are operating in a highly competitive global economy, and the Scottish government and our agencies are using every opportunity available to boost investment, tourism, and jobs.

“The US offers huge potential, and Scotland and Scottish companies are ideally placed to take advantage of the outstanding opportunities that are available.

“This visit will help us identify and enhance the opportunities for real, practical innovation and collaboration, and bring investment and jobs to Scotland.”

Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-business-18308335

Copyright 2012 The World Through My Specs

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参考リンク

Alex Salmond :Wikipedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Salmond

以下抜粋

Alexander Elliot Anderson Salmond ( born 31 December 1954) is a Scottish politician and current First Minister of Scotland. He became Scotland's fourth First Minister in May 2007. He is the Leader of the Scottish National Party (SNP), having served as Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Gordon. From 1987 to 2010 he served as Member of Parliament for Banff and Buchan in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. Salmond previously held the position of leader of the SNP from September 1990 until he stepped down in September 2000.

Originally from Linlithgow, West Lothian, Salmond is a graduate of the University of St Andrews, where he achieved a Joint Honours MA in Economics and History. After earning his degree he began his career in the Government Economic Service (GES), and later joined the Royal Bank of Scotland as an energy economist where he wrote and broadcast extensively for both domestic and international media outlets.

Following the establishment of the devolved Scottish Parliament in 1999, he was elected MSP for Banff and Buchan, thus simultaneously representing the area as both Member of Parliament (MP) and MSP. Salmond resigned as SNP leader in 2000 and did not seek re-election to the Scottish Parliament. He did however retain his Westminster seat in the 2001 general election. Salmond was once again elected SNP leader in 2004 and the following year held his Banff and Buchan seat in the 2005 general election. In 2006 he announced his intention to contest the Gordon constituency in the 2007 Scottish Parliament election, an election in which Salmond defeated the incumbent MSP and in which nationally, the SNP emerged as the largest single party. Salmond was voted First Minister by the Scottish Parliament on 16 May 2007.

As First Minister, from 2007 to 2011 Salmond headed a minority Scottish Government, but after the 2011 Scottish Parliament election the Scottish National Party, which he leads, emerged with an overall majority. Politically, Salmond is one of the foremost proponents of Scottish independence, repeatedly calling for a referendum on the issue. Salmond has campaigned on global warming and in government has committed Scotland to legislation on emission reduction and the generation of renewable energy.

File:Alex Salmond, First Minister of Scotland.jpg
Scottish cabinet.

Although energy is mostly a matter reserved to Westminster, administrative devolution of Sections 36 & 37 of the Electricity Act coupled with fully devolved planning powers enabled the Scottish Government to establish Scotland as a leader in renewable energy developments.

Other recurring campaign themes include nuclear disarmament and Salmond's strong opposition to the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Foreign policy, defence, national security and nuclear weaponry are reserved to Westminster.

Early life and careerSalmond was born at Linlithgow, West Lothian, Scotland on 31 December, (Hogmanay) 1954.[2] He is the second of four children born to Robert Fyfe Findlay Salmond and Mary Stewart Salmond (née Milne), both of whom were Civil Servants.[3] His father's family had been previously resident at Waterfoot, near Keswick.[4][5] His middle names come from his family's tradition of naming their children after the local Church of Scotland minister, in this case the Reverend G. Elliot Anderson of St Ninian's Craigmailen Parish Church in Linlinthgow.[6][7]

Salmond attended the local Linlithgow Academy before studying at the University of St Andrews, where he lived in St Salvator's Hall and graduated with a Joint Honours MA in Economics and History.[8]

In 1978 he entered the Government Economic Service as an Assistant Economist in the Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland, part of the now defunct Scottish Office. Two years later he joined the Royal Bank of Scotland where he worked for seven years: first as an Assistant Economist before being appointed Oil Economist in 1982, and from 1984 combining that role with duties as a bank economist.[8] While with the Royal Bank, he wrote and broadcast extensively for both domestic and international outlets. He also contributed regularly to oil and energy conferences. In 1983 Salmond created a "Royal Bank/BBC oil index" that is still used.

First Minister

Scottish cabinet.Having won more seats than any other party in the 2007 Scottish Parliament election, the SNP initially approached the Scottish Liberal Democrats to form a coalition, but they declined to take part in negotiations.[23] This left the SNP without any possibility to form a coalition with an overall majority. The Scottish Green Party agreed to support an SNP minority administration on a confidence and supply basis.[24]

Renewable energy

Alex Salmond in his 2010 New Year message highlighted the importance of sustainable development and renewable energy in Scotland and the required increase in powers of the Scottish Parliament needed to help harness Scotland's green energy potential and therefore take full advantage of the "renewable revolution".[35]

Earlier in December 2009, he campaigned for climate change legislation at the UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen to promote Scotland's role in tackling and mitigating climate change. This included signing a Partnership Agreement with the Maldives, one of the most exposed countries to the consequences of rising sea levels.[36][37]

This page was last modified on 22 September 2012 at 22:47.

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参考リンク

Oyster 800 wave energy converter from the air



aquamarinepowerltdさんが 2011/07/28 にアップロード

This film of the Oyster 800 wave energy converter was shot at the fabrication yard in Methil, Scotland where the device was manufactured. Oyster 800 will be installed at sea in Orkney in summer 2011. The footage was shot by Cyberhawk Innovations.

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参考リンク

New Oyster wave device



scottishgovernmentさんが 2011/07/14 にアップロード

Wave energy developer Aquamarine Power today revealed the latest in leading edge hydro electric wave energy technology.

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参考リンク

European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) http://www.emec.org.uk/

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参考リンク

ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest Tidal current device


http://www.emec.org.uk/about-us/our-tidal-clients/andritz-hydro-hammerfest/

You are here: Home / About us / Tidal clients / ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest

ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest

ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest delivers tidal turbine arrays and services to harness the great energy potential from tidal streams. The modular solutions are designed to allow optimal integration in the daily operation plans of the customers, supporting the worldwide energy mix.

The Company was established in 1997 in Hammerfest, Norway and the UK office was opened in Glasgow in 2008 in order to serve the promising local market potential. Today, ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest is part of the ANDRITZ HYDRO GmbH group, a global supplier of electro-mechanical equipment and services for the hydropower business.

In December 2011, ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest successfully deployed its 1 megawatt (MW) pre-commercial tidal turbine destined to validate the technology for future tidal power arrays. The machine was installed at the European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) in December 2011 and delivered its first energy to the grid in February 2012.

The new HS1000 turbine is based on the technology of a smaller turbine, the HS300, which was installed in Norway as the first ever tidal current turbine with permanent connection to the public grid in 2004. The prototype has been in operation for more than 17,000 hours, delivering over 1.5 GWh to the grid and showed 98% availability during testing.

For more information, please visit the homepage of ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest:

www.hammerfeststrom.com, www.andritz.com http://www.andritz.com/hydro.htm

Andritz Hydro Hammerfest.mp4



Copyright © 2012 · All Rights Reserved · EMEC: European Marine Energy Centre

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参考リンク Global Tidal Energy Part 1



RedOrkneyさんが 2010/11/30 にアップロード

Scotland is now at the epicenter of the Global tidal power renewable energy revolution.

( Filmed and edited by Kevin Burns)

This video highlights the global potential of tidal energy, Scotland's leading role in tidal power development and reviews some of the technical, environmental and social challenges facing the tidal power developers.

For further details, please visit,

http://www.hammerfeststrom.com/

http://www.atlantisresourcescorporation.com/

http://www.emec.org.uk/index.asp

http://www.openhydro.com/home.html

http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk/

http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Home

http://www.scotland.gov.uk/About/Directorates/Wealthier-and-Fairer/marine-sco...

http://www.sserenewables.com/what-we-do/marine/

http://www.icit.hw.ac.uk/

Global Tidal Energy Part2



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参考リンク

Wave devices

You are here: Home / Marine Energy / Wave devices

http://www.emec.org.uk/marine-energy/wave-devices/

Waves have the potential to provide a completely sustainable source of energy, which can be captured and converted into electricity by wave energy converter (WEC) machines. These WECs have been developed to extract energy from shoreline out to the deeper waters offshore.

We have identified eight main types of WEC:

Copyright © 2012 · All Rights Reserved · EMEC: European Marine Energy Centre

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参考リンク Tidal devices

http://www.emec.org.uk/marine-energy/tidal-devices/

You are here: Home / Marine Energy / Tidal devices

Tidal devices

Tidal energy exploits the natural ebb and flow of coastal tidal waters caused principally by the interaction of the gravitational fields of the earth, moon and sun. The fast sea currents are often magnified by topographical features, such as headlands, inlets and straits, or by the shape of the seabed when water is forced through narrow channels. The tidal stream devices, which utilise these currents, are broadly similar to submerged wind turbines and are used to exploit the kinetic energy in tidal currents. Due to the higher density of water, this means that the blades can be smaller and turn more slowly, but they still deliver a significant amount of power. To increase the flow and power output from the turbine, concentrators (or shrouds) may be used around the blades to streamline and concentrate the flow towards the rotors.

We have identified six main types of Tidal Energy Convertors (TEC):

Copyright © 2012 · All Rights Reserved · EMEC: European Marine Energy Centre

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http://www.aquamarinepower.com/news/pentland-firth-and-orkney-wave-and-tidal-charges-hit-£100-million/

NEWS

Pentland Firth and Orkney wave and tidal charges hit £100 million 18 Sep 12

New figures from Scottish Renewables have shown that island communities in Scotland's first Marine Energy Park are continuing to face massive costs to connect their marine energy projects to the grid.

Analysis, published at today's Marine Energy Conference in Inverness, reveals charges in the Pentland Firth and Orkney Waters have continued to climb, despite an independent review by Ofgem to reform the charging regime known as TNUoS (Transmission Network Use of System).

Although the review has improved matters for generators on the mainland, charges on the islands are set to rocket, adding significant costs and threatening the economic viability of wave and tidal projects that are in their early stages of development.

Speaking ahead of the Marine Energy Conference, Niall Stuart, Chief Executive of Scottish Renewables, said:

"Ofgem's review was expected to bring down charges for renewable generation given its commitment to 'facilitate the move to a low carbon energy sector'. However, we are seeing charges on the islands continue to increase, dwarfing those on the mainland.

"The level of charges for Orkney Waters is adding significant costs to wave and tidal projects and can only hold back investment in our world-leading marine energy sector."

We have to remember that our islands are where some of our best natural resources are and if we are to meet important climate change and renewable energy targets we must find a way to ensure wind, wave and tidal projects can generate electricity for homes and businesses across Scotland."

The new figures are estimated calculations based on annual grid charges for wave and tidal projects. Estimates of the projected annual connection charges for the Pentland Firth and Orkney Waters area have increased from £56m last year to £107m in 2020. This contrasts with an annual subsidy of some £2m if these projects were to be built in the south west of England - the UK's other Marine Energy Park.

While the mainland of Pentland Firth has seen a decrease of £4.6m in annual connection charges, the Orkney Waters area has seen a massive rise because electricity generators on the islands are required to pay for 'local works' which includes expensive undersea grid cabling from the Scottish mainland to the Orkney islands.

This year's estimates are also based on a larger grid cable which will be required to transport the increasing capacity of renewable electricity due to be generated in the Orkney waters from wave and tidal devices.

Aquamarine Power Chief Executive Officer Martin McAdam said:

"These new figures clearly show the methodologies employed by Ofgem and National Grid are out of step with the needs of the UK's renewable energy sector.

"With a quarter of the UK's generating capacity shutting down over the next ten years and domestic gas bills increasing 78 per cent since 2000, more than ever the UK needs a diverse renewable energy mix to secure future energy independence and to act as a hedge against fossil fuel price volatility.

"Wave energy can be a valuable part of that mix, but wave projects have to locate where the waves are - and 92 per cent of all UK wave energy projects will be subject to islands charging.

"We believe island charges are contrary to EC Directive 2009/28, Article 16(4) which states 'Member States shall ensure the charging of transmission tariffs does not discriminate against electricity from renewable energy sources produced in peripheral regions, such as island regions…'.

"The Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change Ed Davey should step in with new measures to ensure islands charges do not jeopardise the UK's world-leading wave and tidal industry."

© Aquamarine Power 2011
All rights reserved

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Tsunami Strike: Japan Part III: Warning Systems

Tsunami Strike: Japan Part III: Warning Systems



Transcript Tsunami Strike: Japan Part III – Warning Systems [Sirens] These are the sounds of a tsunami warning. They alert residents that a killer wave is about to strike. These sirens, however, are just a small part of the sophisticated warning systems that played a role in Japan and in the U.S. during the Pacific Ocean tsunami in March 2011. Most Tsunamis are generated by an undersea earthquake. Fortunately, Japan has one of the most advanced earthquake early-warning systems in the world. It detects tremors, calculates the epicenter, and sends out warnings from over a thousand seismographs scattered throughout the country. The Japan Meteorological Agency issues the warnings and sends alerts to television and radio channels, the internet, and mobile phone networks. When the earthquake struck 80 miles offshore, warnings were generated in about three seconds. The tsunami warnings came three minutes later. These take longer because more complex calculations are involved, and must factor in ocean data. Since the first tsunami waves struck the coastline within 20 minutes, the advance warning provided some residents with crucial minutes to reach a safe area. While the earthquake sent powerful tsunami waves westward toward Japan, the tsunami also propagated east into the Pacific Ocean. Here, warnings are issued by the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, operated by NOAA in Hawaii. NOAA maintains a large network of buoys with ocean floor sensors that are strategically positioned in the earthquake-prone zones of the Pacific. This system collects vital ocean data for tsunami forecasting. Narrator: On March 11th, only 25 minutes after the earthquake struck, the first buoy station registered the tsunami and relayed information to Hawaii. Scientists used this data to run models and issue forecasts and warnings to nations throughout the Pacific. From there, local emergency managers decided what actions were appropriate to take for public safety. The earthquake and resulting tsunami devastated the Japanese coastline, causing damage that will take years to repair. While we can't prevent these forces of nature from happening, our early warning systems can help us prepare for the dangers headed our way. END

Wednesday, October 10, 2012

$ヤマト姫の玉手箱

http://inhabitat.com/aquamarine-power-to-connect-wave-energy-generator-to-uk-national-grid/

Energy

$ヤマト姫の玉手箱 Aquamarine Power To Connect Wave Energy Generator To UK National Grid

by Hazel Saunderson, 02/15/12
filed under: green technology, News, Renewable Energy

$ヤマト姫の玉手箱


Scotland may be a small country, but its stake in the future renewable energy is about to get serious as Aquamarine Power’s Oyster 800 Wave energy device will soon be installed and connected to the UK grid. We covered the launch of this innovative “near shore” Oyster 800 device last year, and earlier this week Scotland’s Energy Minister Fergus Ewing granted full consent to developments of the 2.4MW wave energy demonstration project. This consent means two further Oyster 800 wave energy devices will be installed at the same site at the European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) in Orkney, and this will create the UK’s first grid-connected near shore wave power array with a total of three 800kW Oyster devices.

$ヤマト姫の玉手箱


Consents play a vital part in the development of such projects, and this consent should pave the way for Aquamarine Power to continue to work with Marine Scotland and gain all the necessary consents for their other sites — a 200MW commercial wave energy site in Orkney, and a 40MW site on Lewis.

Scotland’s Energy Minster Fergus Ewing said of the project:
“Scotland has unparalleled natural resources, with a tenth of Europe’s wave power, and these new devices will help us to fully harness the huge energy resources around our own coast and contribute to global efforts to expand clean, green electricity generation… it is innovation and creativity such as that behind the Oyster device which will help us meet our ambitious renewable electricity targets and help us reindustrialize Scotland.”

Aquamarine Power stated:
“Our application has been granted subject to the implementation of a suitable environmental monitoring and mitigation plan to ensure suitable measures are taken to protect the environment. We look forward to working with the local community in Orkney on the responsible development of our first Oyster array.

“This is a great milestone for our company and for the wave energy industry as a whole. This marks an important step in the development of Oyster which one day will be delivering power to hundreds of thousands of homes.”

We look forward to seeing what the new technology will mean for the UK, and in the long run, what it could mean for other nations.

+ Aquamarine Power

+ Marine Scotland

+ European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC)

Images ©Aquamarine Power

© Inhabitat.com 2012

===================================================================

http://inhabitat.com/aquamarine-power-unveils-oyster-800-wave-energy-generator-exclusive-photos/

Aquamarine Power Unveils Oyster 800 Wave Energy Generator - Exclusive Photos!

by Hazel Saunderson, 07/17/11

$ヤマト姫の玉手箱


This morning Scottish First Minister Alex Salmond heralded a landmark achievement in renewable energy technology as he unveiled Aquamarine Power's new Oyster 800 wave energy generator at the Burntisland Fabrications yard - and Inhabitat was on the scene to bring you an exclusive first look! This impressive device can generate 250% more power at one third the cost of the first full-scale 315kw Oyster that was installed in Orkney in 2009. Martin McAdam, Chief Executive Officer of Aquamarine Power commented: "A farm of just 20 Oyster 800 devices would generate sufficient power for up to 15,000 homes. There are often waves when there is no wind and marine energy offers an essential part of Scotland's future low carbon energy mix." Read on to learn more and check out our exclusive photos!

Read more:
http://inhabitat.com/aquamarine-power-unveils-oyster-800-wave-energy-generator-exclusive-photos/oyster-800-wave-energy-generator-3/?extend=1

Scotland is renowned for its magnificent coastlines and delicious seafood - however, the latest denizen of the deep captured our attention for an entirely different reason - its ability to capture wave energy. The Oyster 800 operates in the same way as Oyster 1, but Aquamarine Power has used data and lessons learned from the first Oyster to significantly improve its power output, simplify installation and allow for easier maintenance.

$ヤマト姫の玉手箱


© Inhabitat.com 2012

===================================================================

参考リンク

youtube 検索 : Marine Energy Conference in Inverness

£18 million marine energy fund



scottishgovernmentさんが 2012/05/23 に公開

A multi-million pound fund to help develop Scotland's first commercial wave and tidal power arrays was opened today. Addressing the AllEnergy conference in Aberdeen, First Minister Alex Salmond announced that Scotland's Marine Renewables Commercialisation Fund (MRCF) was now open for bids by marine energy developers.

He also announced the first award from the £70 million National Renewables Infrastructure Fund (N-RIF) -- a £500,000 grant to support the transformation of a strategic dock, ten miles from Glasgow city centre to create a key manufacturing location for renewable energy.

http://www.youtube.com/user/scottishgovernment

The Scottish Government について

The Scottish Government is responsible for most of the issues of day-to-day concern to the people of Scotland, including health, education, justice, rural affairs, and transport.

======================================

参考リンク

Alex Salmond to promote Scotland in California

http://throughmyspecs.co.uk/2012/06/04/alex-salmond-to-promote-scotland-in-california/

$ヤマト姫の玉手箱

Posted by Steven Stewart on Monday, June 4, 2012·

First Minister Alex Salmond is to visit California this month in an effort to build on economic links and encourage inward investment in Scotland.

Mr Salmond will undertake a series of engagements in Los Angeles, Sacramento and San Francisco which will focus on innovation, tourism and jobs.

During the four-day trip, he will meet US politicians and business leaders.

Mr Salmond will also attend the world premiere of the animated film Brave, which has a mythical Scottish setting.

The Scottish government estimates that the Disney/Pixar film, which is due to open at the Los Angeles Film Festival, could boost the Scottish economy by £140m.

The premiere will bring together Disney/Pixar and tourism agency VisitScotland, who are collaborating on a global marketing campaign to showcase Scotland across the world.

Inward investment

The first minister will then travel to Sacramento, where he will outline to US politicians the importance to the Scottish economy of sustained investment by global California-based corporations.

Mr Salmond will also promote Scotland’s record in attracting investment from US and major global companies in a speech to the Commonwealth Club of California in San Francisco.

Business visits will include a trip to Stanford University to see the work of the SU2P, a venture between Stanford and Strathclyde, Heriot-Watt, St Andrews and Glasgow universities which is designed to capitalise on leading research in the photonics sector.

The first minister said: “Scottish companies are operating in a highly competitive global economy, and the Scottish government and our agencies are using every opportunity available to boost investment, tourism, and jobs.

“The US offers huge potential, and Scotland and Scottish companies are ideally placed to take advantage of the outstanding opportunities that are available.

“This visit will help us identify and enhance the opportunities for real, practical innovation and collaboration, and bring investment and jobs to Scotland.”

Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-business-18308335

Copyright 2012 The World Through My Specs

===================================================================

参考リンク

Alex Salmond :Wikipedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Salmond

以下抜粋

Alexander Elliot Anderson Salmond ( born 31 December 1954) is a Scottish politician and current First Minister of Scotland. He became Scotland's fourth First Minister in May 2007. He is the Leader of the Scottish National Party (SNP), having served as Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Gordon. From 1987 to 2010 he served as Member of Parliament for Banff and Buchan in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. Salmond previously held the position of leader of the SNP from September 1990 until he stepped down in September 2000.

Originally from Linlithgow, West Lothian, Salmond is a graduate of the University of St Andrews, where he achieved a Joint Honours MA in Economics and History. After earning his degree he began his career in the Government Economic Service (GES), and later joined the Royal Bank of Scotland as an energy economist where he wrote and broadcast extensively for both domestic and international media outlets.

Following the establishment of the devolved Scottish Parliament in 1999, he was elected MSP for Banff and Buchan, thus simultaneously representing the area as both Member of Parliament (MP) and MSP. Salmond resigned as SNP leader in 2000 and did not seek re-election to the Scottish Parliament. He did however retain his Westminster seat in the 2001 general election. Salmond was once again elected SNP leader in 2004 and the following year held his Banff and Buchan seat in the 2005 general election. In 2006 he announced his intention to contest the Gordon constituency in the 2007 Scottish Parliament election, an election in which Salmond defeated the incumbent MSP and in which nationally, the SNP emerged as the largest single party. Salmond was voted First Minister by the Scottish Parliament on 16 May 2007.

As First Minister, from 2007 to 2011 Salmond headed a minority Scottish Government, but after the 2011 Scottish Parliament election the Scottish National Party, which he leads, emerged with an overall majority. Politically, Salmond is one of the foremost proponents of Scottish independence, repeatedly calling for a referendum on the issue. Salmond has campaigned on global warming and in government has committed Scotland to legislation on emission reduction and the generation of renewable energy.

$ヤマト姫の玉手箱


Scottish cabinet.

Although energy is mostly a matter reserved to Westminster, administrative devolution of Sections 36 & 37 of the Electricity Act coupled with fully devolved planning powers enabled the Scottish Government to establish Scotland as a leader in renewable energy developments.

Other recurring campaign themes include nuclear disarmament and Salmond's strong opposition to the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Foreign policy, defence, national security and nuclear weaponry are reserved to Westminster.

Early life and careerSalmond was born at Linlithgow, West Lothian, Scotland on 31 December, (Hogmanay) 1954.[2] He is the second of four children born to Robert Fyfe Findlay Salmond and Mary Stewart Salmond (née Milne), both of whom were Civil Servants.[3] His father's family had been previously resident at Waterfoot, near Keswick.[4][5] His middle names come from his family's tradition of naming their children after the local Church of Scotland minister, in this case the Reverend G. Elliot Anderson of St Ninian's Craigmailen Parish Church in Linlinthgow.[6][7]

Salmond attended the local Linlithgow Academy before studying at the University of St Andrews, where he lived in St Salvator's Hall and graduated with a Joint Honours MA in Economics and History.[8]

In 1978 he entered the Government Economic Service as an Assistant Economist in the Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland, part of the now defunct Scottish Office. Two years later he joined the Royal Bank of Scotland where he worked for seven years: first as an Assistant Economist before being appointed Oil Economist in 1982, and from 1984 combining that role with duties as a bank economist.[8] While with the Royal Bank, he wrote and broadcast extensively for both domestic and international outlets. He also contributed regularly to oil and energy conferences. In 1983 Salmond created a "Royal Bank/BBC oil index" that is still used.

First Minister

Scottish cabinet.Having won more seats than any other party in the 2007 Scottish Parliament election, the SNP initially approached the Scottish Liberal Democrats to form a coalition, but they declined to take part in negotiations.[23] This left the SNP without any possibility to form a coalition with an overall majority. The Scottish Green Party agreed to support an SNP minority administration on a confidence and supply basis.[24]

Renewable energy

Alex Salmond in his 2010 New Year message highlighted the importance of sustainable development and renewable energy in Scotland and the required increase in powers of the Scottish Parliament needed to help harness Scotland's green energy potential and therefore take full advantage of the "renewable revolution".[35]

Earlier in December 2009, he campaigned for climate change legislation at the UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen to promote Scotland's role in tackling and mitigating climate change. This included signing a Partnership Agreement with the Maldives, one of the most exposed countries to the consequences of rising sea levels.[36][37]

This page was last modified on 22 September 2012 at 22:47.

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参考リンク

Oyster 800 wave energy converter from the air



aquamarinepowerltdさんが 2011/07/28 にアップロード

This film of the Oyster 800 wave energy converter was shot at the fabrication yard in Methil, Scotland where the device was manufactured. Oyster 800 will be installed at sea in Orkney in summer 2011. The footage was shot by Cyberhawk Innovations.

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参考リンク

New Oyster wave device



scottishgovernmentさんが 2011/07/14 にアップロード

Wave energy developer Aquamarine Power today revealed the latest in leading edge hydro electric wave energy technology.

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参考リンク

European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC)

http://www.emec.org.uk/

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参考リンク

$ヤマト姫の玉手箱


http://www.emec.org.uk/about-us/our-tidal-clients/andritz-hydro-hammerfest/

You are here: Home / About us / Tidal clients / ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest

ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest

ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest delivers tidal turbine arrays and services to harness the great energy potential from tidal streams. The modular solutions are designed to allow optimal integration in the daily operation plans of the customers, supporting the worldwide energy mix.

The Company was established in 1997 in Hammerfest, Norway and the UK office was opened in Glasgow in 2008 in order to serve the promising local market potential. Today, ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest is part of the ANDRITZ HYDRO GmbH group, a global supplier of electro-mechanical equipment and services for the hydropower business.

In December 2011, ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest successfully deployed its 1 megawatt (MW) pre-commercial tidal turbine destined to validate the technology for future tidal power arrays. The machine was installed at the European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) in December 2011 and delivered its first energy to the grid in February 2012.

The new HS1000 turbine is based on the technology of a smaller turbine, the HS300, which was installed in Norway as the first ever tidal current turbine with permanent connection to the public grid in 2004. The prototype has been in operation for more than 17,000 hours, delivering over 1.5 GWh to the grid and showed 98% availability during testing.

For more information, please visit the homepage of ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest:

www.hammerfeststrom.com, www.andritz.com http://www.andritz.com/hydro.htm

Andritz Hydro Hammerfest.mp4



Copyright © 2012 · All Rights Reserved · EMEC: European Marine Energy Centre

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参考リンク

Global Tidal Energy Part 1



RedOrkneyさんが 2010/11/30 にアップロード

Scotland is now at the epicenter of the Global tidal power renewable energy revolution.

( Filmed and edited by Kevin Burns)

This video highlights the global potential of tidal energy, Scotland's leading role in tidal power development and reviews some of the technical, environmental and social challenges facing the tidal power developers.

For further details, please visit,

http://www.hammerfeststrom.com/

http://www.atlantisresourcescorporation.com/

http://www.emec.org.uk/index.asp

http://www.openhydro.com/home.html

http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk/

http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Home

http://www.scotland.gov.uk/About/Directorates/Wealthier-and-Fairer/marine-sco...

http://www.sserenewables.com/what-we-do/marine/

http://www.icit.hw.ac.uk/

Global Tidal Energy Part2



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参考リンク

Wave devices

You are here: Home / Marine Energy / Wave devices

http://www.emec.org.uk/marine-energy/wave-devices/

Waves have the potential to provide a completely sustainable source of energy, which can be captured and converted into electricity by wave energy converter (WEC) machines. These WECs have been developed to extract energy from shoreline out to the deeper waters offshore.

We have identified eight main types of WEC:

Copyright © 2012 · All Rights Reserved · EMEC: European Marine Energy Centre

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参考リンク

Tidal devices

http://www.emec.org.uk/marine-energy/tidal-devices/

You are here: Home / Marine Energy / Tidal devices

Tidal devices

Tidal energy exploits the natural ebb and flow of coastal tidal waters caused principally by the interaction of the gravitational fields of the earth, moon and sun. The fast sea currents are often magnified by topographical features, such as headlands, inlets and straits, or by the shape of the seabed when water is forced through narrow channels. The tidal stream devices, which utilise these currents, are broadly similar to submerged wind turbines and are used to exploit the kinetic energy in tidal currents. Due to the higher density of water, this means that the blades can be smaller and turn more slowly, but they still deliver a significant amount of power. To increase the flow and power output from the turbine, concentrators (or shrouds) may be used around the blades to streamline and concentrate the flow towards the rotors.

We have identified six main types of Tidal Energy Convertors (TEC):

Copyright © 2012 · All Rights Reserved · EMEC: European Marine Energy Centre

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http://www.aquamarinepower.com/news/pentland-firth-and-orkney-wave-and-tidal-charges-hit-£100-million/

NEWS

Pentland Firth and Orkney wave and tidal charges hit £100 million

18 Sep 12

New figures from Scottish Renewables have shown that island communities in Scotland's first Marine Energy Park are continuing to face massive costs to connect their marine energy projects to the grid.

Analysis, published at today's Marine Energy Conference in Inverness, reveals charges in the Pentland Firth and Orkney Waters have continued to climb, despite an independent review by Ofgem to reform the charging regime known as TNUoS (Transmission Network Use of System).

Although the review has improved matters for generators on the mainland, charges on the islands are set to rocket, adding significant costs and threatening the economic viability of wave and tidal projects that are in their early stages of development.

Speaking ahead of the Marine Energy Conference, Niall Stuart, Chief Executive of Scottish Renewables, said:

"Ofgem's review was expected to bring down charges for renewable generation given its commitment to 'facilitate the move to a low carbon energy sector'. However, we are seeing charges on the islands continue to increase, dwarfing those on the mainland.

"The level of charges for Orkney Waters is adding significant costs to wave and tidal projects and can only hold back investment in our world-leading marine energy sector."

We have to remember that our islands are where some of our best natural resources are and if we are to meet important climate change and renewable energy targets we must find a way to ensure wind, wave and tidal projects can generate electricity for homes and businesses across Scotland."

The new figures are estimated calculations based on annual grid charges for wave and tidal projects. Estimates of the projected annual connection charges for the Pentland Firth and Orkney Waters area have increased from £56m last year to £107m in 2020. This contrasts with an annual subsidy of some £2m if these projects were to be built in the south west of England - the UK's other Marine Energy Park.

While the mainland of Pentland Firth has seen a decrease of £4.6m in annual connection charges, the Orkney Waters area has seen a massive rise because electricity generators on the islands are required to pay for 'local works' which includes expensive undersea grid cabling from the Scottish mainland to the Orkney islands.

This year's estimates are also based on a larger grid cable which will be required to transport the increasing capacity of renewable electricity due to be generated in the Orkney waters from wave and tidal devices.

Aquamarine Power Chief Executive Officer Martin McAdam said:

"These new figures clearly show the methodologies employed by Ofgem and National Grid are out of step with the needs of the UK's renewable energy sector.

"With a quarter of the UK's generating capacity shutting down over the next ten years and domestic gas bills increasing 78 per cent since 2000, more than ever the UK needs a diverse renewable energy mix to secure future energy independence and to act as a hedge against fossil fuel price volatility.

"Wave energy can be a valuable part of that mix, but wave projects have to locate where the waves are - and 92 per cent of all UK wave energy projects will be subject to islands charging.

"We believe island charges are contrary to EC Directive 2009/28, Article 16(4) which states 'Member States shall ensure the charging of transmission tariffs does not discriminate against electricity from renewable energy sources produced in peripheral regions, such as island regions…'.

"The Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change Ed Davey should step in with new measures to ensure islands charges do not jeopardise the UK's world-leading wave and tidal industry."

© Aquamarine Power 2011

All rights reserved

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Tuesday, October 2, 2012

From: http://www.4coffshore.com/windfarms/Able-Humber-Port-pid50.html
Able Humber Port
Satellite View Of Able Humber Port. (Marker located on AMEP site)

About Able Humber Port
*** This site has recently been granted Enterprise Zone status ***

Able Marine Energy Park is a new port being developed (AMEP - southern red boundary zone on above image) offering 325 ha (803 acres) of developable land and 1500m of new deep water quays, designed specifically for the offshore wind sector. AMEP offers extensive land availability for investors to optimise their plant layout and to expand in phases as and when required. Logistics savings will be maximised through the co-location of suppliers: Blades, Towers and potentially the manufacturers of Foundations (Monopiles, Jackets and GBS structures) as well as key sub suppliers e.g. convertors, gearboxes, generators, and nacelle canopies.

Able Logistics Park (ALP - see northern red boundary zone on above image) offers a further 270 ha (667 acres) of warehousing and external storage along with a purpose built Business Park providing office facilities for engineers, consultants, OEMs, supply chain companies, developers and associated businesses. AMEP will service the needs of the Renewable Energy Sector providing a base for manufacture, storage, assembly and deployment of next generation offshore wind turbines (OWTs) and their associated supply chain(s).

AMEP benefits from the following:
•The UKs largest Enterprise Zone
•Full Enhanced Capital allowances
•Super-Fast Broadband priority
•Special Planning Zone – to expedite planning
•Business Rate Relief
•A Centre for Renewable Offshore Engineering – Identified by UK Government
•DECCs Offshore Wind Ports Infrastructure Fund – The site is suitable for applications to this fund

Location and Contact Details for Able Humber Port

Port Name
Able Humber Port
Country
United Kingdom
Port Owner
Able Humber Ports Ltd

Port Address
Rosper Road, North Killingholme, North Lincolnshire DN40 3DZ

Contact David Shepherd, Able House, Billingham Reach Industrial Estate, Billingham, Teesside TS23 1PX

Contact Telephone
+44 (0)1642-806080

Contact Fax
+44 (0)1642-655655

Email
dshepherd@ableuk.com or info@ahpl.com

Website
Visit the website for Able Humber Port

Coordinates (decimal degrees)
53.656° Lat, -0.244° Lon
Access Details for Able Humber Port

Port Depth
11 metres

Entrance Width
840 metres

Tidal Range (Springs)
6.4 metres


Maximum Vessel Size
LOA : any
Draught : 11 m
Beam : any
Tug Assistance Available?
Yes

Piloting Information
Exemption certificates can be granted for vessels above 90m. Pilotage is not required for vessels under 90m.

Turning Area Available?
Yes

Rail Links
Yes (direct access to national network and Tata Steel Plant, Scunthorpe)

Major Roads
•M180 10 miles from AHP
•M18 35 miles from AHP
•M62 42 miles from AHP
•M1 55 miles from AHP

Private Internal Road Links
Yes

Distance to Helipad
14.5 km
Distance to International Airport
14.5 km

Any Comments
Quays can be designed to provide -23.4m water depth (at MHWS).
International Airports: •Humberside Distance 14 km (15 minutes)
•Doncaster Distance 72 km (45 minutes)
•Leeds Distance 134 km (1.4 hours)
•Manchester Distance 196 km (2 hours)
•Birmingham Distance 217 km (2.1 hours)

Heliports:
Humberside Airport operates the UK’s 2nd largest Heliport.
Contact us to add your PortCapacities at Able Humber Port

Number Of Cranes
4

Crane Comments
2 x 250 tonne (lift capacity). 2 crawler cranes 1x1250 tonne (lift capacity) and 1x1600 tonne (lift capacity).

Quay Length
1,279 metres

Quay Loading Capacity
20 tonnes/m2 (Heavy load out area 40 tonnes/m2)

Quay Comments
Quay length: 1279m. Quays loads: 20 t/m2 UDL with patch loads up to 100 t/m2. Multi-user, designed specifically around the needs of the OWT industry.

Storage Space Available
647 hectares (6,474,970 m2 or 1,600 acres)

Storage Comments
Quay land storage is available

Development Land Available
647 hectares (6,474,970 m2 or 1,600 acres)

Development Land Comments
Supply Chain Capabilities and Services

Suitable Installations Base?
Yes

Suitable Operations and Maintenance Base?
Yes

Can support manufacturing of ..?
Towers : Yes Blades : Yes Foundations : Yes Cables : Yes Supplies ..? Provisions : Yes Water : Yes Fuel Oil : Yes Diesel Oil : Yes

Services
Repair, loading / unloading, decommissioning / recycling, multi-user. All supplies can be delivered by road, rail and sea.

Has Dry Dock?
No

Has Warehousing?
Yes

Security Level
TRANSEC

Additional Information & Experience
Buildings are available from 2012 with the quays becoming available late 2014.

Able is an experienced operator of multi-user port facilities and has a substantial track record of developing sites and managing large industrial based projects

If you require quay access before late 2014 please contact us to enquire about our Able Seaton Port facility.

© 2012, 4C Offshore

Tuesday, September 4, 2012

RWE Innogy: Errichtung des Offshore-Windparks Rhyl Flats

RWE Innogy: Errichtung des Offshore-Windparks Rhyl Flats RWEKonzernさんが 2010/04/12 にアップロード Seit über 10 Jahren betreibt RWE Windparks in ganz Europa. Großes Potenzial bieten Windparks auf dem offenen Meer, sogenannte Offshore-Windparks. Diese Anlagen fernab von Siedlungsgebieten erzeugen mehr Strom als Anlagen an Land, da auf hoher See die Winde stärker und gleichmäßiger wehen. (Film nur in englischer Version) カテゴリ:科学と技術

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E.ON Climate & Renewables Eonさんが 2010/03/30 にアップロード E.ON Climate & Renewables. An overview of our most important projects - from offshore wind to solar power. カテゴリ: 科学と技術

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洋上風力発電所の再生可能エネルギー InfineonJPさんが 2012/05/07 に公開 http://www.infineon.com/energy-efficiency - エネルギーは生活そのものです。家の暖房や車の駆動に加え、巨大都市に明かりを灯します。エネルギーに対する世界的な需要は増え続ける一方で、資源は減少しています。世界­中で消費されるエネルギーの3分の1は電気で、その傾向はさらに強まっています。将来、エネルギー源の鍵となるのがエネルギー効率です。 電気の最適な使用は、スマートな半導体技術を利用することで実現します。革新的なチップソリューションによって車、産業用プラント、民生用家電の微調整を行い、エネルギー­を抑えます。スマートメーターによってkWhの電力量を分単位の精度で評価できるようになり、電力節減が促されます。 風力エネルギーの未来は、世界中の沖合地域に見ることができます。北海やバルト海だけを見ても、今後2-3年で30もの洋上風力発電所が計画されています。 未来の電力供給網 はより効率的になります。 未来の電力供給網では、風力、太陽熱、水力を使って地元で電力を自給自足します。しかし、浮き沈みがあるのは避けられません。 スマートグリッドは、電力の供給や需要を制御することで、信頼性の高い電流の流れを確保します。 インフィニオンの革新的な半導体ソリューションを採用することで、コンセントからの電力の損失が低減されます。 パワーエレクトロニクスにより、発電所から何千キロも離れた消費者へ効率よくエネルギーが送られます。 カテゴリ: 科学と技術

Friday, June 15, 2012

Column: Is Obama grounding JFK's space legacy? - USATODAY.com

Column: Is Obama grounding JFK's space legacy? - USATODAY.com

http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/opinion/forum/2011-05-24-Obama-grounding-JFK-space-legacy_n.htm

By Neil Armstrong, Jim Lovell and Gene Cernan
Updated 5/24/2011 4:45 PM

"First, I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the Earth. No single space project in this period will be more impressive to mankind, or more important for the long-range exploration of space; and none will be so difficult or expensive to accomplish."President John F. Kennedy, Joint Session of Congress, May 25, 1961

Was President Kennedy a dreamer, a visionary, or simply politically astute? We may never know, but he had the courage to make that bold proposal 50 years ago Wednesday. The Soviet Union's Yuri Gagarin had completed an orbit of the Earth the previous month and electrified the world. The United States had taken only one human, Alan Shepard, above 100 miles altitude and none into orbit. Americans, embarrassed by the successes of our Cold War adversary, were eager to demonstrate that we too were capable of great achievements in space.

President Kennedy called in the leaders of the nascent National Aeronautics and Space Administration for their opinion on any space goal that Uncle Sam could win. They concluded that the only possibility was a manned lunar landing, and that would include all the principal elements of human space travel.

The president decided this was the right project, the right time, and the Americans were the right people.

"Now it is time to take longer strides — time for a great new American enterprise — time for this nation to take a clearly leading role in space achievement, which in many ways may hold the key to our future on earth.

… Let it be clear that I am asking the Congress and the country to accept a firm commitment to a new course of action, a course which will last for many years and carry very heavy costs."

— President Kennedy

A half century has passed since Kennedy challenged our citizenry to do what most thought to be impossible. The subsequent American achievements in space were remarkable: Mercury, Gemini, Apollo and Skylab. Our efforts enhanced international cooperation with Apollo-Soyuz, the space shuttle and the International Space Station. The compelling fascination of our space achievements among young people spurred their interest in education.

By 2005, in keeping with President Kennedy's intent and America's resolve, NASA was developing the Constellation program, focusing on a return to the moon while simultaneously developing the plans and techniques to venture beyond, and eventually to Mars.

The program enjoyed near-unanimous support, being approved and endorsed by the Bush administration and by both Democratic and Republican Congresses. However, due to its congressionally authorized funding falling victim to Office of Management and Budget cuts, earmarks and other unexpected financial diversions, Constellation fell behind schedule. An administration-appointed review committee concluded the Constellation program was "not viable" due to inadequate funding.
President Obama's proposed 2011 budget did not include funds for Constellation, therefore essentially canceling the program. It sent shock waves throughout NASA, the Congress and the American people. Nearly $10 billion had been invested in design and development of the program.
Many respected experts and members of Congress voiced concern about the president's proposal. Some supported the president's plan,but most were critical. The supporters' biases were often evident, particularly when there was a vested or economic interest in the outcome.
Obama's advisers, in searching for a new and different NASA strategy with which the president could be favorably identified, ignored NASA's operational mandate and strayed widely from President Kennedy's vision and the will of the American people.
"We intend to be first. In short, our leadership in science and in industry, our hopes for peace and security, our obligations to ourselves as well as others, all require us to make this effort, to solve these mysteries, to solve them for the good of all men, and to become the world's leading space-faring nation."
— President Kennedy

Congress, realizing the devastating effects to the plans, program and morale of those trying to keep America in the forefront of exploring the universe and expanding the human frontier, worked diligently to steer NASA's program back toward Kennedy's goals.
Congress passed an authorization bill directing NASA to begin development of a large rocket capable of carrying humans toward the moon and beyond and to continue development of a multipurpose spacecraft based on the configuration that was being developed in the Constellation program. However, the president's 2012 budget reduced funding significantly below the authorized amount for both the big rocket and the multipurpose crew vehicle.
On the other hand, the president's budget had significantly increased funding over the congressional direction in the area of space technology research programs and the development of rockets and spacecraft by the commercial entrepreneurs.
Congress stated that rather than depending on NASA subsidies, the development of commercial sources to supply cargo and crew to the International Space Station should be a partnership between government and industry.
Entrepreneurs in the space transportation business assert that they can offer such service at a very attractive price — conveniently not factoring in the NASA-funded development costs. These expenditures, including funds to insure safety and reliability, can be expected to be substantially larger and more time consuming than the entrepreneurs predict.
The response to Kennedy's bold challenge a half-century ago has led to America's unchallenged leadership in space. We take enormous pride in all that has been accomplished in the past 50 years. And we have the people, the skills and the wherewithal to continue to excel and reach challenging goals in space exploration.
But today, America's leadership in space is slipping. NASA's human spaceflight program is in substantial disarray with no clear-cut mission in the offing. We will have no rockets to carry humans to low-Earth orbit and beyond for an indeterminate number of years. Congress has mandated the development of rocket launchers and spacecraft to explore the near-solar system beyond Earth orbit. But NASA has not yet announced a convincing strategy for their use. After a half-century of remarkable progress, a coherent plan for maintaining America's leadership in space exploration is no longer apparent.
 
"We have a long way to go in this space race. But this is the new ocean, and I believe that the United States must sail on it and be in a position second to none."
— President Kennedy
Kennedy launched America on that new ocean. For 50 years we explored the waters to become the leader in space exploration. Today, under the announced objectives, the voyage is over. John F. Kennedy would have been sorely disappointed.
Apollo astronauts Neil Armstrong, Jim Lovell and Gene Cernan all commanded moon missions. Armstrong was the first man to reach the lunar surface, and Cernan was the last to leave it.

For more information about reprints & permissions, visit our FAQ's. To report corrections and clarifications, contact Standards Editor Brent Jones. For publication consideration in the newspaper, send comments to letters@usatoday.com. Include name, phone number, city and state for verification. To view our corrections, go to corrections.usatoday.com.

Posted 5/24/2011 2:57:54 PM | Updated 5/24/2011 4:45 PM

© 2012 USA TODAY, a division of Gannett Co. Inc.

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