"Center Supports Summit Efforts to Prevent Nuclear Terrorism"

【出展リンク】：

http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/20135/center_supports_summit_efforts_to_prevent_nuclear_terro

"Center Supports Summit Efforts to Prevent Nuclear Terrorism"

Newsletter Article, Belfer Center Newsletter, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School

Summer 2010

Author: Sharon Wilke, Associate Director of Communications

Belfer Center Programs or Projects: Managing the Atom

Nuclear Spring, the term President Barack Obama has given the spring of 2010, was highlighted by the Nuclear Security Summit, an international gathering of 47 world leaders who met in Washington, D.C. in April to discuss actions to prevent nuclear terrorism around the world.

Organized in large part by Belfer Center alumni Gary Samore, White House coordinator for WMD counter-terrorism and arms control, and Laura Holgate, senior director for WMD terrorism and threat reduction, the leaders concluded the Summit by signing a communiqué agreeing that security standards and accountability should improve. They also established a work plan regarding commitment to international initiatives and treaties. A number of countries made individual pledges to improve nuclear security.

The Center supported Summit planning with a number of suggestions and contributed to its efforts and goals through publications and numerous interviews recommending steps for and after the Summit.Matthew Bunn's Securing the Bomb 2010 was released the day the Summit began and Graham Allison provided attending leaders with materials that included a nuclear terrorism threat assessment and fact sheet.

Allison, with Mohamed ElBaradei, former director of the International Atomic Energy Agency, andErnesto Zedillo, former president of Mexico, wrote in an oped published by the International Herald Tribune on Saturday, April 9: "To address the array of nuclear threats and specifically the specter of a nuclear bomb exploding in one of our cities with consequences that will fundamentally change our lives and our world, the supreme requirement is for meaningful, sustained international cooperation." Links to all Center-related Nuclear Spring materials are available at:http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/nuclear-security-summit.html.

For more information about this publication please contact the Belfer Center Communications Office at 617-495-9858.

For Academic Citation:

Wilke, Sharon. "Center Supports Summit Efforts to Prevent Nuclear Terrorism." Belfer Center Newsletter, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School, Summer 2010.

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Re:先のチリ地震の津波の速度から到達海域の平均水深について

Re:先のチリ地震の津波の速度から到達海域の平均水深について

テーマ：ブログ

下記のような私の問い合わせに対して海洋研究開発機構の係り官から、非常に丁寧で、親切で感謝・感激の返答のメールがありました。本当にありがとうございました。

２０１０年５月２８日

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Re:先のチリ地震の津波の速度から到達海域の平均水深について

matuoka yuuji　様


距離測量方法に関しましては、国土地理院のサイトなどをご参考ください。
国土地理院 > サイトマップ > 基準点・測地観測データ > 便利なプログラム・データ > 測量計算http://vldb.gsi.go.jp/sokuchi/program.html


海洋研究開発機構における海底津波計設置位置は、海底ケーブルデータセンターWebサイトhttp://www.jamstec.go.jp/scdc/
左フレームから
システム説明 > 設置位置 
をご覧ください。


以下は気象庁による公開情報です。
各検潮所津波到達時刻等に関しましては気象庁報道資料等をご覧ください。
ホーム > サイトマップ > 気象庁について > 報道発表資料・情報公開 > 報道発表資料http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/press/index22.html


潮位観測位置情報
気象庁ホーム > サイトマップ > 防災気象情報 > 海洋関連 > 潮位観測情報 > 掲載地点一覧表 http://www.jma.go.jp/jp/choi/list1.html


以上よろしくお願いいたします。


----- Original Message -----
From: "matuoka yuuji" 
To: 
Date: 2010-05-23 08:24:27
Subject: 先のチリ地震の津波の速度から到達海域の平均水深について



先のチリ地震の津波の到達時間から震源地と到達地点間の到達海域の平均水深が求められるはずであるが、その２地点の経緯度から２地点の距離の計算方法と当機関の津波観測所設置位置の経緯度を確認したいので、教えてください。

　津波速度　V=√ｇｈ　

地震発生時間は米国の地質調査所で、発表されているが気象庁の津波観測所の到達時間が各地の到達観測時間と観測地点の経緯度が全面的にWEBで公表されていない。部分的に公表された新聞報道にたよるしかない。気象庁と連携して、公表をすることを願います。

The Latest on the Oil Spill ： The New York Times Company

【出展リンク１】：

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/09/us/09rig.html?scp=2&sq=oil%20spill&st=cse

A version of this article appeared in print on May 9, 2010, on page A1 of the New York edition.

New Setback in Attempt to Contain Gulf Oil Spill

Michael Appleton for The New York Times

Work continued on Saturday to stop a leaking oil well in the Gulf of Mexico.

By CAMPBELL ROBERTSON

Published: May 8, 2010

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ROBERT, La. — The latest effort to contain the oil spill that has poured millions of gallons of crude into the Gulf of Mexico encountered a setback 5,000 feet underwater, officials said Saturday, meaning oil will continue gushing into the ocean for at least several more days, and possibly months.

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Workers on Friday night maneuvered a containment dome — essentially a 98-ton steel box with an opening at the top — over the worst of two remaining leaks on the seabed to funnel the oil through a pipe to the surface, where it would be collected by a drill ship. With efforts to stop the leak by sealing the well at its source having proved unsuccessful, the dome was considered the most immediate way to limit the leak’s damage until the well is permanently closed.

But response crews discovered that the dome’s opening was becoming clogged with gas hydrates — crystal structures that form when gas and water mix and are found in the low temperature and high pressure at the ocean floor, officials said Saturday at a news conference here.

“I wouldn’t say it has failed yet,” said Doug Suttles, the operating officer for exploration and production for BP, the company that was leasing the oil rig when it exploded April 20. “What I would say is what we attempted to do last night didn’t work.”

The hydrates accumulated into a kind of slush that clogged the opening through which the oil was to be funneled to the surface.

That is only one of the problems presented by the hydrates, Mr. Suttles said. Since hydrates are lighter than water, a large accumulation threatened to increase the buoyancy of the dome and lift it out of place.

Unclogging the dome is not difficult. It can be done by lifting the dome to shallower waters, Mr. Suttles said.

For now, the dome has been moved 650 feet on the seafloor, where it will stay while officials spend “the next two or three days” deciding how to proceed, Mr. Suttles said. Every day is critical, considering 5,000 barrels of oil are pouring into the gulf daily, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration estimates. Other experts say the flow is much greater, perhaps by an order of magnitude.

Last week, remotely controlled robots placed a specially designed valve over the end of a leaking drill pipe on the seafloor and stop oil from escaping at that point, though it did not change the overall amount flowing out.

The slick, which has already come ashore on the Chandeleur Islands off southeast Louisiana, is projected to curl west in the next three days, threatening not only the Mississippi River Delta but also miles of Louisiana coastline to the west of the river.

If the containment dome approach is not successful, other strategies will be explored. But the most dependable solution remains the digging of a nearby relief well, which would allow crews to plug the gushing cavity with heavy liquid.

Mr. Suttles said the drilling of such a well was already at 9,000 feet and proceeding ahead of plan. However, it is still months away from being in a position to stop the leak by intercepting the original well and pumping it full of concrete or other heavy liquid.

Meanwhile, the Obama administration was evaluating proposals for assistance in cleaning up the gulf from the United Nations and the European Union, as well as 14 individual countries, including Sweden, according to the State Department.

Michael Mohr, Sweden’s homeland security liaison at the embassy in Washington, said Saturday that officials in Stockholm were prepared to offer up to three skimming vessels able to collect about 50 tons of oil per hour from the sea and hold about 1,000 tons at a time. The ships could take several weeks to arrive from the Scandinavian peninsula, Mr. Mohr said. “We’re on standby,” he said.

Officials had emphasized for days the difficulty of successfully employing the containment dome. While domes have been used on leaks, they have never been used at such a depth, officials said. BP had anticipated the presence of hydrates, because the oil is mixing with seawater. Hydrates can form when methane bubbling out of the oil comes in contact with water, producing a cage of water molecules surrounding methane molecules.

To prevent that, officials had planned to circulate warm water around the pipe that connected the dome to the ship on the surface. But they had not expected hydrates to accumulate so quickly and at such high concentrations, effectively closing off the dome before the pipe was even attached. “The issue is how to keep them from forming again,” Mr. Suttles said.

BP is weighing several options, he said, including lowering the dome with the pipe attached or pumping methanol into the dome, which would prevent the formation of hydrates by acting as a sort of antifreeze.

• 1 
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Henry Fountain contributed reporting from New York, and Ashley Southall from Washington.

A version of this article appeared in print on May 9, 2010, on page A1 of the New York edition.

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【出展リンク２】：

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/25/science/earth/25latest.html

The Latest on the Oil Spill

Published: May 24, 2010

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THE NUMBERS It has been 34 days since the first explosion on the Deepwater Horizon rig. The spill’s impact on shore now stretches across 150 miles, from Dauphin Island, Ala., to Grand Isle, La., officials said.

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THE MONEY The total cost to BP to date is about $760 million, or $22 million a day, compared with an initial estimate of $6 million a day last month, the company said.

PLUGGING THE WELL BP officials said the “top kill,” in which mud is pumped into the well, followed by cement, to overcome the pressure of the oil, will be tried Wednesday at the earliest. The method has never been tested 5,000 feet underwater. BP’s chief operating officer, Doug Suttles, said crews were working on a backup plan to fit a dome atop the well and then pump the oil to the surface.

SLOWING DOWN A mile-long tube operating for about a week has siphoned off more than half a million gallons, but it was collecting oil at a slower rate over the weekend. BP said that the siphon collected 47,040 gallons of oil on Sunday, 57,120 gallons on Saturday and 92,400 gallons on Friday.

OILY BIRD AIRLIFT Seven birds — three brown pelicans, two northern gannets and two laughing gulls — affected by the spill were transported by military aircraft from coastal Louisiana to Egmont Key National Wildlife Refuge in Florida and released there.

OBAMA CALL The White House released a photograph ofPresident Obama on the phone with Govs. Haley Barbourof Mississippi, Bobby Jindal of Louisiana, Charlie Crist of Florida and Bob Riley of Alabama on Monday. Also, at the president’s request, Energy Secretary Steven Chu postponed a trip to China and was to travel to Houston on Monday night to monitor the spill efforts.

NUMBER TO CALL Investigators urged anyone who finds debris from the Deepwater Horizon rig to leave it in place and call 202-309-9559.

MORE INFORMATION ONLINE An interactive map tracking the spill, live video of the leak and additional updates are available at

nytimes.com/national

A version of this article appeared in print on May 25, 2010, on page A16 of the New York edition.

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  Copyright 2010 The New York Times Company

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【参考リンク】：　oil spill 映像　：

http://www.bp.com/liveassets/bp_internet/globalbp/globalbp_uk_english/homepage/STAGING/local_assets/bp_homepage/html/rov_stream.html

【まさに、世界を代表する自由資本主義と共産主義の２大国の米国と中国で、協議が本格的に始められてきているのである】： この世界の変化の底流を見逃しては成らないのである。

私達国民は、種々の法律を守ることを義務づけされて、日々の日常生活を、送っている。

人々の日常生活を守るべく社会的な手段方法として、政権行政府によって、立法されて、国民皆等しく、行政・立法の基盤の中で生活を享受している。

しかし、人々の生活の社会の環境背景や様式が時代の経過とともに、変化・変質しているにもかかわらず、何十年の前に立法された律法が、逆に、国民の生活の保全という目的から、かけ離れた状態のままで、私達の日常生活の基盤の合理的な発展・変容を阻害してしまう場合も生じる。

これらの律法のなかに置かれて執行されているもの中に、日本の第二次世界大戦後に、日米間で、締結された日米安保条約がある。　現在においても、有効で、執行されてきている。

戦後５５年プラス１０年の自民党・公明党の政権の運営によって、日米関係における日米安保条約の運営・適用に対して、世界の状況の変化の進展に伴って、当時の米国政府の要請に対して、当時の日本の自民・公明党連立政権によって、国民的な総意の統一がなされないままで、国会の多数決によって、その条約の基本的な運用を変容して変質させてきてしまって、今日に至ってきているのである。

世界の国際的・社会的な状況変化にともなって、その条約の執行運営の経過結果が、私達の生活基盤に、直接的・間接的な影響を与え続けて来ているのである。

米国の政権も、すでに、ブッシュ前政権からオバマ氏に、変わり、米国政府の運営の方針に、新しいオバマ氏の思念と米国民の意思とその支持の勢力に基づいて、米国の国家運営に影響を与え始めてきている。

そのような時代の変化に伴う米国の経済の停滞とは対照的に、中国、インドの経済的な発展興隆に伴って、我々の生活環境に間接的・直接的に及ぼす影響について、未来の世界への大きな潮流を日本の国民や米国の国民、世界の市民は、このような世界的な変動の大きな時代変化を見逃してはならない。

現在・未来の世界的な人口の増大に対する備えとして、合理的な国際的な政策の運営執行を国際的な紛争、競争・戦争によって、解決するのではなく、平和的・国際的な協議において解決する方策を求めなければならない時代に我々は立たされているのである。

まさに、世界を代表する自由資本主義と共産主義の２大国の米国と中国で、協議が本格的に始められてきているのである。

条約や律法の執行に際しては、常に良い点と悪い点がその市民生活に直接・間接的な影響を与え伴っているのである。

この世界の変化の底流を見逃しては成らないのである。

市民のための新しい時代に応じた日米関係,、日中関係の構築を求めて、時間をかけて、時代的な人間社会の本源と本質を活かせるような多国間の協議・条約を築き、努力していかなければならない。

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【参考リンク１】：

http://ameblo.jp/global7ocean/entry-10545162945.html

【参考リンク２】：　asyura投稿　：

http://asyura2.com/10/senkyo87/msg/107.html

Power and Energy from the Ocean Energy Waves and Tides： A Primer Roger Bedard Electric Power Research Institute May 14, 2007

http://www.oceanrenewable.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/power-and-energy-from-the-ocean-waves-and-tides.pdf



This primer is intended to inform the general public about the possibility of adding ocean wave and tidal power to our portfolio of energy supply options. We have investigated the possibility of many renewables resources; solar, wind, geothermal and biomass. Ocean wave and tidal is probably the last of the large natural resources not yet investigated for producing electricity in the US.
The United States has significant ocean wave and energy resources. The technology to convert those resources to electricity, albeit in its infancy, is here today. This is a renewable resource which can be converted to electricity clean and emission free. Given proper care in design, siiting, deployment, operation and maintenance, ocean wave and tidal power could be one of the most environmentally benign electricity generation technologies yet developed
The natural power of the ocean has inspired awe since the dawn of mankind. Mariners and others who deal with the forces of the sea have learned to understand the potentially destructive powers of ocean waves as well as the regularity and predictability of the tides. Ocean waves and tides contain large amounts of kinetic energy, derived from the winds and gravitational pull of the sun-earth-moon system. Even though early civilizations developed devices to convert waves and tides into mechanical energy, the technology to cost-effectively convert ocean waves and tidal flow into electrical energy is still in its early stages. Waves are created by waves blowing over a fetch of ocean as depicted below. Tidal changes in sea level occur as Earth rotates beneath the elliptical ocean envelope which is produced by solar and lunar gravitational forces as depicted in below. Waves energy, although variable, can be predicted days in advance. Tidal power, also variable, can be predicted into the indefinite future. This predictability is important to electrical grid dispatchers who must balance the changing demand with the supply,

Waves 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Tides


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【以下省略：PDF本文参照】